果農(nóng)注意了，警惕秋季梨樹二次開花！

梨樹開花什么情況？不是開玩笑吧！聽到這個(gè)消息，相信很多沒經(jīng)歷的果農(nóng)肯定不信！那就聽育果花粉，給大家聊聊梨樹二次開花的問題！

首先，梨樹二次開花確實(shí)是有的！梨樹二次開花是指一年內(nèi)梨樹開兩次，一般在10月上旬開始就可以見到，嚴(yán)重的株開花率可達(dá)50%左右。梨樹二次開花，不僅大量消耗樹體養(yǎng)分，嚴(yán)重削弱樹勢，而且大量花芽提前萌發(fā)開花，嚴(yán)重影響第二年產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)，同時(shí)還會引發(fā)大量抽發(fā)秋梢、秋葉，影響樹體的安全越冬。

 

既然梨樹二次開花，對梨樹的傷害這么大，該怎么預(yù)防呢？想要預(yù)防秋季梨樹二次開花，就得先找到原因。

梨樹二次開花的原因大致可分為如下幾條：

1、梨樹的花芽分化的生理特性所致。梨樹的花芽分化期開始較早，一般在5月上旬落花后，幼果開始加速生長時(shí)，花芽即開始分化；至6月中下旬幼果急速膨大時(shí)，花芽也進(jìn)入大量分化期；一般7月中旬花萼開始形成，8月上中旬大部分形成；8月中旬雄蕊開始形成，8月下旬至9月上旬雌蕊開始形成。至果實(shí)采收時(shí)，則大部分花芽已經(jīng)形成，為開花做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備。這樣，不管大年還是小年的結(jié)果梨樹，若在采收后遇到不良環(huán)境，致使梨樹大量落葉，迫使其進(jìn)入休眠期，從而完成梨樹開花前必須的生理休眠階段。當(dāng)維持到十月小陽春，與春暖花開時(shí)一樣的的氣候條件，且土壤養(yǎng)分與水分較好，碳水化合物形成較多時(shí)，花芽就極易萌發(fā)，開出二次花。

2、梨樹品種原因。梨樹不同品種對環(huán)境的適應(yīng)性不同，據(jù)近幾年的觀察記載，新世紀(jì)、豐水梨等品種秋季開花最嚴(yán)重，杭青、翠冠次之，黃花梨較輕。

3、病蟲為害嚴(yán)重，導(dǎo)致提早落葉。如梨樹黑星病、黑斑病、銹病、輪紋病、梨癭螨、梨木虱、紅蜘蛛、梨網(wǎng)蝽等為害都可造成梨樹提早落葉，是造成梨樹二次開花的主要原因。尤其是梨木虱、梨網(wǎng)蝽與梨癭螨等，均以刺吸式口器吸食葉片汁液，葉片受害后逐漸干枯脫落，7—9月上旬這幾種蟲害為害最重，此期若出現(xiàn)高溫與持續(xù)干旱天氣，則極易使梨樹強(qiáng)制進(jìn)入休眠期。

4、栽培管理粗放。整形修剪不當(dāng)，樹冠結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂，直立旺枝多，抽梢不整齊，樹冠通透性差，造成病蟲為害嚴(yán)重，施肥量少，只施化肥，少施或不施有機(jī)肥，不施采果期，致使樹勢衰弱，提早落葉，二次開花現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。

5、采果不當(dāng)。高產(chǎn)年份掛果過多，不注意適當(dāng)疏果，影響了枝梢的正常生長；采果時(shí)一次性全部采摘后破壞了樹體水分的代謝平衡，加上傷口多，失水嚴(yán)重，就會造成樹葉萎蔫，加速葉柄離層形成，從而提早落葉形成二次開花。

知道了梨樹二次開花的原因，我們就可以對癥下藥了！

1、對于梨樹的花芽分化的生理特性：采果后施入基肥的同時(shí)，切斷梨樹的部份根系，暫時(shí)打破樹體地上部分與地下部分的平衡，從而抑制花芽的萌發(fā)。對已經(jīng)發(fā)生二次花的輕微果園，可以摘除花蕾或花果，同時(shí)配合施一些速效氮肥，抑制花芽生長。對二次開花嚴(yán)重的梨樹可以進(jìn)行高接花技，即從健壯的梨樹上剪取冬季將要疏剪的花芽進(jìn)行貼接花芽，利用這些高接花芽進(jìn)行彌補(bǔ)，加強(qiáng)管理，以減少產(chǎn)量損失。

2、對于梨樹的品種：選用抗逆性強(qiáng)的品種。二次開花嚴(yán)重的梨園，可用黃花梨、翠冠等二次開花較輕的品種進(jìn)行高接換種，并加強(qiáng)栽培管理，防止二次開花。

3、對于梨樹的病蟲害：梨樹正常落葉后至下年春季萌芽前，剪除病蟲枝，清掃落葉集中燒毀或深埋，結(jié)合噴施二次石硫合劑清園，可有效減少園中病蟲基數(shù)。春夏季梨樹及時(shí)防治葉部病害，這些病害的主要防治時(shí)期在4-7月份�？捎�10%世高1500－2000倍液、25%粉銹靈2000-3000倍液、50%異菌脲500-1000倍液、30%愛苗3000倍液、75%百菌清500-800倍液等殺菌劑結(jié)合防蟲交替使用。對于引起梨樹早期落葉的蟲害如梨網(wǎng)蝽、梨癭螨、梨木虱等，在5月中下旬就要及時(shí)進(jìn)行防治。梨花網(wǎng)蝽防治的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期在5月中下旬，這段時(shí)間要經(jīng)常檢查果園，發(fā)現(xiàn)葉片上有少量蟲害時(shí)要立即噴藥，1周后再噴1次。用40%樂果乳劑1000倍液或50%敵敵畏1200倍液、2.5%高效氯氟氰2500倍以及10%聯(lián)苯菊酯2500倍液等均能有效防治。梨木虱防治關(guān)鍵時(shí)期在花前、花后的二次用藥。使用1.8%阿維菌素乳油4000-6000倍液、25%吡蚜酮2500倍液、25%噻嗪酮1000－1500液等噴霧。梨葉癭螨。5-6月出現(xiàn)第1次高峰，7月下旬到8月第2次高峰。可用5%霸螨靈2000-3000倍液或20%三氯殺螨醇800-1000倍液、1.8%阿維菌素乳油4000-6000倍液、24%螨危5000倍液進(jìn)行有效防治。

4、對于栽培管理粗放：我們可以加強(qiáng)栽培管理，重施有機(jī)肥，增強(qiáng)樹勢。根據(jù)梨樹的生長結(jié)果特性，實(shí)行合理修剪、疏花疏果合理負(fù)載。注意在采果后增施有機(jī)肥，結(jié)果樹株施有機(jī)肥或腐熟的雞糞、羊糞15—20公斤。及時(shí)施肥盡早恢復(fù)樹勢，在生長期及采果后還可進(jìn)行葉面施肥，可用0.3%的磷酸二氫鉀與0.2%的尿素混合液進(jìn)行葉面噴施。

5、對于采果不當(dāng)：我們可以合理采收，采果時(shí)的注意對果實(shí)分批采收，盡量做到不要一次性全果摘完，尤其單株結(jié)果多的梨樹。采果后馬上噴一次1：1：200的波爾多液進(jìn)行保護(hù)，及時(shí)殺菌消毒。采果后至落葉前，每隔半月噴一次0.5%尿素加0.3%的磷酸二氫鉀混合液于葉片的正反兩面，尤其注意噴到葉片的背面。

到這里關(guān)于秋季梨樹二次開花總算是給大家講明白了吧！

育果花粉，專業(yè)的果樹授粉花粉廠家，主要產(chǎn)品：梨樹授粉花粉，蘋果授粉花粉，桃樹授粉花粉，杏樹授粉花粉等，更多問題可咨詢電話：15588156707

,, What is the flowering of pear trees? No kidding! Hearing this news, I believe many growers who have not experienced this experience must not believe it! Let's talk about the two flowering of pear trees.
First of all, the two flowering of pear trees is indeed there. The second flowering of pear trees means that pear trees bloom twice in a year, which can be seen from early October. The serious flowering rate of pear trees can reach about 50%. The second flowering of pear trees not only consumes a lot of nutrients, seriously weakens the tree vigor, but also sprouts and blooms ahead of time, seriously affecting the yield and quality of the next year. At the same time, it also causes a large number of autumn shoots and leaves, affecting the safe overwintering of the tree.
Since pear trees bloom two times and hurt the pear trees so much, how should we prevent them? To prevent the two flowering of pear trees in autumn, we must first find out the reason.
The reasons for the two flowering of pear trees can be roughly divided into the following:
1, the physiological characteristics of pear bud differentiation. The flower bud differentiation of pear trees begins earlier, usually in early May after flowering, young fruits begin to accelerate growth, flower bud differentiation begins; in mid-late June when young fruits rapidly expand, flower buds also enter a large number of differentiation period; generally in mid-July calyx began to form, most of the early August stamens began to form, in mid-August stamens began to form, in mid-August Pistils begin to form in late June to early September. When the fruit was harvested, most of the flower buds had been formed, making full preparations for flowering. In this way, if the fruiting pear trees, whether in big or small years, encounter adverse environment after harvest, resulting in a large number of fallen leaves, forcing them into dormancy, thus completing the necessary physiological dormancy stage before flowering. When the weather condition is the same as that of spring in October, soil nutrients and water are better, and carbohydrates are formed more, flower buds are easy to germinate and produce secondary flowers.
2. Reasons for pear varieties. Different pear varieties have different adaptability to the environment. According to the observation records in recent years, the autumn blooming of the new century, Fengshui pear and other varieties is the most serious, followed by Hangqing, Cuiguan, Huanghua pear is lighter.
3, pests and diseases are serious, leading to premature defoliation. Such as pear scab, black spot, rust, rot disease, pear gall mite, pear lice, red spider, pear net bug and other damage can cause early defoliation of pear trees, is the main reason for the second flowering of pear trees. Especially the pear louse, the pear net bug and the pear gall mite, all take the leaf juice by the puncture suction mouthpiece, the leaf withers and falls off gradually after being injured, these insect pests are the most serious damage from July to early September, if the high temperature and the persistent drought weather occurs in this period, it is extremely easy to make the pear tree enter the dormancy period.
4, extensive cultivation and management. Improper shaping and pruning, disordered crown structure, erect branches, irregular shooting, poor canopy permeability, resulting in serious pests and diseases, less fertilization, only chemical fertilizer, little or no organic fertilizer, no fruit picking period, resulting in weakening of tree vigor, early defoliation, and serious secondary flowering phenomenon.
5, improper picking. In high-yielding years, excessive fruit hanging and neglect of proper fruit thinning affect the normal growth of branches and shoots; fruit picking destroys the balance of water metabolism in the tree after all one-time harvesting, coupled with more wounds, serious water loss, will cause leaf wilting, accelerate the formation of petiole layer, thus early deciduous leaf formation of secondary flowering.
Knowing the reason for the two flowering of pear trees, we can prescribe the right medicine.
1. Physiological characteristics of flower bud differentiation of pear trees: applying basal fertilizer after fruit harvesting, cutting off part of the root system of pear trees, temporarily breaking the balance between the aboveground and underground parts of the tree, thus inhibiting flower bud germination. For slight orchards with secondary flowers, buds or fruits can be removed, and some available nitrogen fertilizers can be applied to restrain the growth of flower buds. For the pear trees with serious secondary blossom, high flower-grafting technique can be used, that is, cutting the flower buds which will be thinned in winter from the robust pear trees to make up for these high flower-grafting buds and strengthening management to reduce yield losses.
2, for pear varieties: choose strong resistant varieties. In pear orchards with serious secondary blooming, the varieties with lighter secondary blooming such as Huanghua pear and Cuiguan can be replaced by high grafting, and cultivation management should be strengthened to prevent secondary blooming.
3. For pear diseases and insect pests: after normal defoliation to the next spring sprouting, the number of pests and diseases in the garden can be effectively reduced by cutting off the branches of pests and diseases, sweeping the defoliation and burning or burying deeply, and spraying the second lithium sulfur mixture to clear the garden. In spring and summer, pear trees were able to control leaf diseases in time. The main control period of these diseases was 4-7 months. It can be used alternately with fungicides such as 10% Shigao 1500-2000 times liquid, 25% Fanruling 2000-3000 times liquid, 50% isomycocarbamide 500-1000 times liquid, 30% Aimiao 3000 times liquid and 75% chlorothalonil 500-800 times liquid. The pests that cause early defoliation of pear trees, such as Pyracea reticulata, Pyracarpa pyrifolia and Pyracarpa xylophilus, should be controlled in time in the middle and late May. The key period of controlling the pear net bug is in the middle and late May. During this period, the orchards should be inspected regularly. When a small number of insect pests are found on the leaves, the pesticides should be sprayed immediately, and then sprayed once a week later. With 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000 times liquid or 50% dichlorvos 1200 times liquid, 2.5% HCFC 2500 times liquid and 10% bifenthrin 2500 times liquid can effectively control. Pear lice control two times before and after flowering. Use 1.8% avermectin EC 4000-6000 times liquid, 25% pyrazone 2500 times liquid, 25% Thiazone 1000-1500 liquid spray. Pear leaf mites. There were first peaks in 5-6 months, the second peak in late July to August. It can be used for 5% times 2000-3000 times of 20% or three chloracarb 800-1000 times.

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